CS2060 High Speed Networks Question Banks for ECE
Hi friends,in the previous post we've shared you Microwave QBank and Optical Communication & Networking Q'Bank , so here in this post you can get download Q'bank for High Speed Networks
For Department Of Electronics and Communication Engineering Question Bank.
Subject Code :  CS2060 SEM / YEAR : VII / IV
Subject Name : HIGH SPEED NETWORKS
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UNIT - I
HIGH SPEED NETWORKS (Introduction)

PART- A ( 2 marks)
1. What are the data link control functions provided by LAPF?
2. What are the main features of ATM?
3. What is virtual path identifier and Virtual connection identifier?
4. What is ATM ?
5. List the levels of fiber channel and the functions of each level?
6. What is meant by SAR and CS?
7. What is the difference between AAL3/4 and AAL3/5.
8. Draw the diagram for ATM layers?
9. Give the data rates for frame relay and X.25?
10. Define NIC and Ethernet.

PART - B
1. Explains the Frame relay architecture & compare it with x.25. (16)
2. a. Explain the ATM cell with a suitable diagram and explain Generic Flow
Control and Header error control. (8)
b. Explain varies ATM services. (8)
3. a. Discuss and compare the CPCS-PDU & SAR-PDU of AAL ¾ & AAL 5 (8)
b. Explain the architecture of AAL 1 (8)
4. Explain the architecture of 802.11 (16)
5. Explain the following:
a. Classical Ethernet (8)
b.IEEE 802.3 medium options at 10 Mbps (8)
6 a. Fast Ethernet (8)
b. gigabit Ethernet (8)
C.Explain Fiber channel Protocol architecture. (8)

UNIT- II
CONGESTION & TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

PART- A ( 2 marks)
1. What is the role of DE lint in Frame relay?
2. How does frame relay report congestion?
3. Write Little’s formula.
4. Define Traffic intensity or utilization factor and QOS.
5. What is the difference between committed burst size (Bc) and Excess burst size (Be).
6. Define terms Router, Bridge and Gateway.
7. What is Bluetooth?
8. Distinguish between Poisson and Exponential formulae.
9. How we calculate the percentile of packets transfer at a time in traffic management technique.
10 Define Arrival rate and service rate.
PART - B
1. Explain the single- server and multi server queering models. (16)
2. At an ATM machine in a supermarket, the average length of a transaction is 2 minutes,and on average, customers arrive to use the machine once every 5 minutes, How long is the average time that a person must spend waiting and using the machine? What is the 90th percentile of residence time? On average, how many people are waiting to use the machine? Assume M/M/1. .(16)
3. Consider a frame relay node that is handling a Poisson stream of incoming frames to betransmitted on a particular 1 – Mbps outgoing link. The stream consists of two types of frames. Both types pf frames have the same exponential distribution of frame length with a mean of 1000 bits.
a. Assume that priorities are not used. The combined arrival rate of frame of both types is 800 frames/second. What is the mean residences time (Tr) for all frames?
b. Now assume that the two types are assigned different priorities, with the arrival rate of type 1 of 200 frames/second and the arrival rate of type 2 of 600 frames/second. Calculate
the mean residence time for type 1, type2, and overall.
c. Repeat (b) for _1 = _2 = 400 frames/second.
d. Repeat (b) for _1 = 600 frames/second and _2 = 200 frames/second. . (16)
4. Messages arrive at a switching center for a particular outgoing communications line in a poisson manner with a mean arrival rate of 180 messages per hour. Message length is distributed exponentially with a mean length of 14,400 characters. Line speed is 9600 bps.
a. What is the mean waiting time in the switching center? (6)
b. How many messages will be waiting in the switching center for transmission on the average? (10)
5. a.Explain the effects of congestion. (8)
b. Explain the congestion control mechanisms in networks. (8)

UNIT – III
TCP AND ATM CONGESTION CONTROL

PART- A ( 2 marks)
1. Define the relationship between through put and TCP window size W.
2. Why is retransmission strategy essential in TCP?
3. What are the types of retransmit policy?
4. Why congestion control in a TCP/IP-based internet is complex.
5. Define cell delay variation.
6. Define CBR 8 ABR.
7. What are the advantages of sliding window protocol
PART - B
1 a. Explain TCP flow & congestion control. (10)
b.Explain the Retransmissions Timer management techniques. (6)
2. Explain the five important window management techniques. (16)
3. a Explain the congestion control mechanism in ATM networks carrying TCP traffic. (10)
b.Explain the ATM traffic control (6)
4. a. What are the requirements for ATM traffic and congestion control? (10)
b. Explain the ATM traffic – related attributes. (6)
5 a.. Explain in detail ABR traffic management. (8)
b. Explain in detail GFR traffic management. (8)

UNIT- IV
INTEGRATED AND DIFFERENTIATED SERVICES

PART- A ( 2 marks)
1. What are the requirements for inelastic traffic?
2. State the drawbacks of FIFO queering discipline.?
3. What is global synchronization?
4. Distinguish between inelastic and elastic traffic.?
5. Define the format of DS field.?
PART - B
1. Explain the block diagram for Integrated Services Architecture. and give details about
components (16)
2.a. Explain the services offered by ISA (8)
b.Define Differentiated services. (8)
3. Explain the various queering disciplines in ISA. (16)
4. Explain the RED algorithm. (16)
5. Explain the various types of Traffic. (16)

UNIT-V
PROTOCOLS FOR QOS SUPPORT

PART- A ( 2 marks)
1. What are the reservations attributes and styles in RSVP.
2. Define Forwarding equivalence class (FEC).
3. Define MPLS label format in RSVP.
4. Compare hop – lug – hop routing and explicit routing.
5. Define the format of RTP header.
PART - B
1.a. Explain the characteristics of RSVP & the types of data flow. (8)
b. Explain the RSVP operation and protocol mechanisms. (8)
2. Explain the operation of multi protocol label switching. (16)
3 a. Explain the RTP protocol architecture. (8)
b. Explain the RTP data transfer protocol. (8)
4. Explain the MPLS characteristics and advantages. (16)

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EC2402 Optical Communication and Networking Questions Bank
Hi friends,we have added RF and Microwave Engineering Question bank in the last post,now you can get question bank for Optical Communication and Networking (OCN )

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Subject Name: OPTICAL COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING
Subject Code : EC2402


Unit-1

Part-A
1. A point sorce of ligth is 12 cm below the surface of a large body of water (n = 1.33). What is the radius of the largest circle on the water surface through whichthe light can emerge?
2. Consider a parabolic index waveguide with n1 =1.75 ,n2 = 1.677 and core radius
25 micro meter. Calculate the numerical aperture at the axis and at a point 20
micro meter from the axis
3. Define numerical aperture of a step index fiber
4. Define mode-field diameter
5. Commonly available single mode fibers have beat lengths in the range 10 cm < Lp <2 m . What range of refractive index diffrences does this correspond to? (for
wavelength = 1300 nm)
6. Define mode field diameter
7. What is the fundamental parameter of a single mode fiber?
8. A step index fiber has a normalized frequency V = 26.6 at 1300 nm wavelength.
If the core radius is 25 pm, find the numerical aperture.

Part-B
9. (i) Diacuss the signal distortion in single mode fibers
(ii) Discuss pulse broadening in graded index fibers with necessary equations
10. (I) Discuss the propagation modes in single -mode fiber
(ii) Discuss the structure of graded index fiber
11. (i) What is meant by 'material dispersion'? Derive its expression
(ii) Discuss the pulse broadening in graded index fiberss
12. (a) What are fiber modes? Explain mode theory for optical fibers in detail.
Or
(b) Compare Single mode fibers and Graded index fibers. Explain the requirements
for fiber materials.

Unit-2
13. Write the expression for the effective number of modes guided by a curved
multimode fiber of radius 'a'
14. Define normalized propagation constant
15. Give expression for the effective number of modes guided by a curved multimode fiber
16. What are the causes of absorption
17. Find the coupling loss for two fibers having core refractive index profiles alpha E = 2.0 and alpha R = 1.5 .18. What causes mode coupling
19. Mention the two causes of intra-modal dispersion.
20. Define fiber loss.
21. (i) Briefly explain the evolution of fiber optic system
(ii) Compare the configuration of different types of fibers .
or
22. (b)(i) Derive modal equation
23. (ii) Discuss the modes in step- index fibers
24. (a) (i) What is meant by material dispersion?
(ii) Derive an expression for material dispersion
(iii) Derive the expression for wave guide dispersion
OR
(b) Discuss the pulse broadening in graded index fibers
25. (i) List the advantages of optical fiber comminication
(ii) Draw the elements of an optical fiber transmission link and explain
26. OR
27. (i) Discuss the mode theory of circular waveguide
28. (a) Discuss various kinds of losses that an optical signal might suffer while
propagating through fiber, Which is most important one? What is the effect of
these losses on light power and pulse shape?


(b) What is mode coupling? Discuss pulse broadening in Gl fibers.


1. Unit-3
29. Draw the three key transistion process involved in laser action
30. Write the concept of indirect bandgap semiconductor materials
31. What is meant by hetero junction?
32. What is meant by indirect band gap semi conductor material?
33. Give example for direct and indirect semiconductor materials
34. Calculate the ratio of stimulated emission rate to the spontaneous emission
rate for a lamp operating at a temperature of 100 K . Assume average operating
wavelength is 0.5 micro meter
35. Compare LED and LASER.
36. What is meant by population inversion
37. (a) Draw the structures of edge-emitting LED and surface emitting LED and
explain the operation
OR
(b) (i)Discuss the LASER diode principle , modes and threshold conditions

38. (a) Draw the structure of edge emitting and surface emitting LEDs and explain
OR
(b) Discuss the laser diode structures and radiation patterns
39. (a)(i) What is meant by heterojunction ? Give example.
(ii) Derive the internal quantum efficiency of an LED
OR
40. (b) (i) Explain optical feedback and laser oscillation.
41. (ii) Derive the threshold condition for lasing
42. (a) With neat diagram explain the construction and working of high radiance
surface emitting LED.
Or
(b) Discuss about modulation of Laser diodes. Why thermoelectric cooler are used
in Laser diodes?
Unit-4
43. Define responsivity of photodiode.
44. Define quantum efficiency of a photodetector
45. Define responsivity
46. A given APD has a quantum efficiency of 65 % at a wavelength of 90 nm . If 0.5 micro watt of optical power produces a multiplied photocurrent of 10 micro Ampere, find the multiplication
47. Define long wavelength cutoff of a photodiode
48. What is meant by quantum limit?
49. A photodiode is constructed of GaAs, which has band gap energy of 1.43 eV at
300 K. What is meant by long wavelength cutoff?
50. What are the benefits of a trans-impedance amplifier?
51. (a) Draw the schematics of pin photodiode and APD and explain.
OR
(b) Explain the fundamental receiver operation in optical communication
52. (a) An InGaAs pin photodiode has the following parameters at a wavelength of
1300 nm : I D = 4 nA, ? = 0.9, RL = 1000 ohms and the surface leakage current is
negligible. The incident optical power is 300 nw (- 35 dBm), and the receiver
bandwidth is 20 MHz . Find the various noise terms of the receiver
OR
(b) Discuss the performance of digital receiver by defining the probability of
error
53. (a) Discuss the principle of operation of APD wiht neat circuit diagram. Also
discuss the requirements of photo detector.
OR
(b) Discuss the fundamentals of receiver operations with neat block diagram
54. (a) What is known as quantum limit? A digital fiber optic link operating at
850 nm requires a maximum BER of 10*9. Find the minimum incidental optical power
Po to achieve this BER at a data rate of 10 Mb/s for a simple binary level
signaling scheme. (ry: 1), [1/r : B/2].
Or
(b) Discuss in detail digital receiver performance calculation and sensitivity
calculation in detail.

Unit-5
55. List the sysyem requirements neede in analyzing a point -to- point link
56. Write the concept of solution
57. What is meant by solitron?
58. What is meant by modal noise?
59. Write the basic concept of solition generation
60. Write the concept of link power budget
61. List the key requirements needed in analyzing a link.
62. Define Modal Noise.
63. (a) Explain various types of fiber splicing techniques and fiber connectors
OR
(b) (i) Explain the operational principles of WDM
64. (ii) Explain the rise-time budget.
65. (a) (i) Discuss the operational principles of WDM
66. (ii) Describe the key features of WDM
OR
(b) Explain the rise-time budget of a fiber –optic point – to – point link
67. (a) Draw the point-to -point fiber optic link and discuss the system
considerations
OR
(b) Discuss the principle ,requirement and applications of WDM
68. (a) What are the system consideration in point to point links? Explain in
detail.
Or
(b) Discuss in detail Fiber splicing and connectors. Explain the operation
principles of WDM.


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EC2403 RF and Microwave Engineering Question Bank 

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Subject Code : EC2403 SEM / YEAR : VII / IV
Subject Name : Microwave Engineering.
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UNIT – I           BASIC MICROWAVE COMPONENTS


PART- A ( 2 marks)
1. State Faraday’s rotation law.
2. State the properties of S matrix.
3. What are the reasons that low frequency parameters cannot be Measured in microwaves?
4. State the two parameters that describe a directional coupler? Define them.
5. State TEE junction theorems.
6. What is S matrix and write the S matrix of N port network?
7. What is meant by hybrid coupler?
8. Compare z parameters and ABCD parameters with S-parameters.
9. What are hybrid rings?
10.List the parameters that determine the performance of a directional coupler.
11. Explain the action of a rat-race junction.
12.Why are waveguide bends and twists constructed so that the direction of propagated energy is
gradually changed?

PART – B
1. a A three port circulator has an insertion loss of 1db, isolation of 20 db, VSWR =1.2
when all ports are matched terminated. Find S matrix and output power at port 2and 3 for an
input power of 100mw at port (6)
EC1403 - MICROWAVE ENGINEERING
b. Explain the principle of operation of magic Tee and derive the S matrix of magic Tee. (10)
2. From the first principles derive the S matrix parameters of Directional coupler. (16)
3. a) Is it possible to match all the 3 ports of a lossless reciprocal microwave component?
Prove the same. (10)
b) Explain with diagrams waveguide corner,bends,twists. (6)
4. a) What is an isolator? Write down S parameters. (4)
b)A signal of power 32mw is fed into one of the collinear ports of a lossless H plane tee.
Determine the powers in the remaining ports when other ports are terminated by means of
matched load. (12)
5.With relevant equations , explain the properties of S-matrix with corresponding proof. (16)


UNIT IITRANSFERRED ELECTRON DEVICES & AVALANCHE TRANSIT TIME DEVICES


PART- A ( 2 marks)
1.Define GUNN effect.
2. What is the necessary condition for an IMPATT to produce oscillations?
3. List the differences between microwave transistor and TED devices.
4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of parametric amplifier?
5. What is meant by avalanche transit time device?
6. Discuss the applications of PIN diode.
7. What is a parametric amplifier? How is it different from a normal amplifier?
8. What is the theory of a negative resistance amplifier?
9. Explain how a tunnel diode can be used as a amplifier.
10.List the several donation formation modes of a Gunn diode.
11.State the performance characteristics of IMPATT and TRAPATT diode.
12. An IMPATT diode has a drift length of 2 μm. Determine the operating frequency of IMPATT
diode if the drift velocity for Si is 107 cms/sec


PART- B
1. a) Derive the Manley Rowe power relation. (12)
b) Use the above relation to find the power gain of an up and down converter. (4)
EC1403 - MICROWAVE ENGINEERING
2. a) Using RWH theory , explain two valley model of GaAs. (8)
b) Explain different types of modes. (8)
3. Explain the working principle of IMPATT diode and derive the power output and efficiency? (16)
4. Explain the working principle of TRAPATT diode and derive the power output and efficiency?
(16)
5. Explain the working principle and modes of microwave bipolar transistor (16)
6. Explain the working principle and operation of microwave FET. (16)


UNIT III

MICROWAVE LINEAR BEAM TUBES & MICROWAVE CROSSED FIELD TUBES

PART- A ( 2 marks)
1. Draw the electronic admittance diagram of reflex klystron.
2. State the differences between TWT and klystron?
3. Can a two cavity klystron amplifier be used an oscillator? If yes, how?
4. What is the purpose of slow wave structures in TWT?
5. What is meant by frequency pushing and frequency pulling?.
6. What is velocity modulation?
7. What are the limitations of conventional tubes at microwave frequencies?Explain how these
limitations can be overcome.
8. What are the performance characteristics of a Klystron amplifier?
9. How is bunching achieved in a cavity magnetron?
10. What are cross field deices?
11. How is tuning achieved in reflex klystron oscillators?
12. What is strapping in magnetron? How is the same effect obtained without strapping?


PART- B
1. With neat circuit diagrams and relevant equations, explain the velocity modulation
process and bunching in a klystron amplifier?. (16)
2. Explain in detail about multicavity klystron amplifiers. (16)
EC1403 - MICROWAVE ENGINEERING
3. Derive the equation for power output and efficiency of two cavities
and four cavity klystron amplifiers. (16)
4. With neat diagrams and relevant equations, explain about helix
traveling wave tube. (16)
5. With neat diagrams and relevant equations, explain about cylindrical and coaxial magnetron.
(16)
6. Discuss in detail about tunable magnetron and also explain in brief regarding Ricke diagram.
(16)


UNIT IV
STRIP LINES AND MONOLITHIC MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

PART- A ( 2 marks)
1. What are the advantages of microstrip line over strip line?
2. What are the advantages of MMIC over discrete circuit?
3. What are the properties of dielectric materials?
4. What are the losses in strip lines?
5. List the various MMIC fabrication techniques.
6. Microstrip line is also called an open strip line.Comment on this.
7. Why is it difficult to establish microstrip short circuits?
8. What are the design considerations for a microstrip line?
9. Why are propagating modes along the strip lines are non-TEM and not pure TEM modes?
10.How are waveguides different from normal two – wire transmission lines?
11.Give the physical interpretation for phase and group velocity in relation to speed of light.


PART- B
1. Explain in detail about microstrip lines and derive the expression for characteristic
impedance of microstrip lines (16)
2. Discuss in detail about the various losses in microstrip lines. (16)
3. Explain the different types of microstrip lines and give a brief note of their characteristics. (16)
4. Write a brief note on the different types of materials and list their
characteristics, (16)
5. Discuss in detail about the fabrication techniques of MMIC circuits. (16)


UNIT V
MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS

PART- A ( 2 marks)
1. What is Bolometer? Give two examples?
2. A wave guide load is used to absorb power of 2W., reflected power is 3mW.Find magnitude of
VSWR.
3. Why reflex klystron is a square wave 1kHz PAM while microwave measurements are done using
VSWR?
4. What are the sources of error in return loss measurement using a waveguide reflectometer and
klystron source?
5. What is meant by duty cycle?
6. How are microwave measurements different from low frequency measurements?
7. List the various techniques of measuring unknown frequency of a microwave generator.
8. How can you extend the range of power measurement?
9. Describe how an ordinary voltmeter can be calibrated to VSWR directly.What are the drawbacks
of such a VSWR meter?
10. List any two methods of measuring impedance of a terminating load in a microwave system.
11. Explain the concept of double minimum method of measuring VSWR.

PART- B
1. Explain in detail the measurement of VSWR through return loss measurements. (16)
2. Discuss in detail the power measurement using microwave devices. (16)
3. Write a brief note on insertion loss and attenuation measurements. (16)
4. Explain in detail about the dielectric constant measurement of a solid using waveguide. (16)
5. Discuss in detail the impedance measurement using microwave devices. (16)

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Anna University 7th Semester Syllabus for ECE 2011
Anna University,Chennai the controller of all other Anna University located in various districts.The examinations for 4th,6th ,8th Semester Students got over ,with final year results be declared at the end of may.

Students of Anna Univ chennai,under Regulation 2008, who are going to final year ie) 7th Semester can now avail their next sem syllabus.

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Ece 7th Sem Syllabus

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The question bank for Antenna and Wave propagation for  anna university ECE  department

UNIT-I

PART-A

1. Define Isotropic radiator.
2. Calculate the directivity of an Isotropic antenna.
3. Differentiate Radian & Steradian.
4. Define Gain & Beam width of an antenna.
5. Derive an expression for effective aperture area of antenna.
6. Calculate the maximum effective aperture area of antenna which is operating at a wavelength of 2 meters and has a directivity of 100.
7. Define Antenna Efficiency.
8. Write note on radiation pattern.
9. What is radiation intensity and explain in terms of poynting vector?
10. Explain directivity of an antenna.
11. Find out the radiation resistance of a ?/16 wire dipole in free space.
12. Define power gain and write down the relation between directive gain and power gain.
13. Define radiation resistance and write down the expression for it.
14. Differentiate antenna bandwidth and beam width.
15. Define beam solid angle and antenna beam efficiency.
16. An antenna has a radiation resistance of 72 Ohms, a loss resistance of 8 Ohms and a power gain of 12dB. Determine the antenna efficiency and its directivity.
17. Define Terminal impedance.
18. State reciprocity theorem and briefly explain it.
19. Calculate the radiation resistance of short dipole.
20. Calculate a maximum effective aperture of a half wave dipole.
21. Calculate the length of a half wave dipole antenna meant to have correct half wave length at 60 MHz.
22. Calculate the maximum effective aperture of a microwave antenna which has a directivity of 900.
23. Calculate the radiation resistance of an antenna which is drawing 15A current and radiating 5 KW.
24. Calculate the power being radiate by an antenna having a radiation resistance of 50 Ohms and is drawing a current of 8A.
25. Calculate the radiation resistance of an antenna which is radiating 1000W and drawing current of 5A.
26. How much current does an antenna draw when radiating 1000W and is having a radiation resistance of 300 Ohms.
27. Mention the radiation and Induction field component for a small current element.
28. Show the directivity of an electric current element 3/2.
29. Define poynting vector.
30. What is effectiveness ratio?
31. What is scattering loss aperture?
32. Define effective length of an antenna.
PART - B
1. Explain the retarded vector potential in detail.
2. Derive an expression for the power radiated by the current element and calculate the radiation resistance.
3. Derive an expression for the far field component of a half wave dipole of an antenna.
4. a) Derive the total power radiated by half wave dipole.
b) Show that the radiation resistance of a half wave dipole is 80?2 (dl/?)2 Ohms.
5. Explain the reciprocity theorem in detail.
6. Derive an expression for the electric field and magnetic field due to a current element at a distance point in free space.
7. a) Derive an expression for the gain of half wave dipole.
b) Explain effective aperture area with its types in detail.
8. At what distance in ?, is the radiation component of magnetic field twice the inductance component ? At what distance is it 100 times.


UNIT –II – Antenna Arrays

PART - A
1. What is an array and mention the various forms of antenna arrays?
2. What is a uniform linear array?
3. What is Broad side array and draw its radiation pattern?
4. What is End fire array and draw its radiation pattern?
5. What is collinear array?
6. What is parasitic array?
7. What is pattern multiplication concept?
8. List some of the advantages of pattern multiplication.
9. What is tapering of array?
10. Write a note on Binomial array.
11. How the secondary lobes are eliminated?
12. What is Pascal’s triangle?
13. What is a Phased array?
14. What is a smart antenna?
PART-B
1. Write short notes on various forms of arrays
i.Broad side array ii.End fire array
iii.Collinear array iv.Parasitic array
 2. Derive the expression for the far field pattern of an array of 2 – isotropic point sources
i) Equal amplitude and phase
ii) Equal amplitude and opposite phase
iii) Unequal amplitude and any phase
 3. Explain the principle of Pattern multiplication.
4. Explain the array of N- sources of equal amplitude and spacing- Broad side case
i. Direction of pattern maxima ii. Direction of pattern minima
ii. Beam width of major lobe
 5. Explain the array of N- sources of equal amplitude and spacing- End fire case
i) Direction of pattern maxima ii. Direction of pattern minima
ii) Beam width of major lobe
 6. Write short notes on
i. Binomial arrays ii. Phased arrays
UNIT-III - SPECIAL PURPOSE ANTENNAS
PART-A
1. What are the applications of loop antenna ?
2. Give the reason for poor radiation of a loop antenna .
3. Distinguish between sectorial and pyramidal Horn antenna.
4. What are the advantages of folded dipole ?
5. What is a folded dipole ? What are its important properties ?
6. Draw the structure of Log- periodic antenna.
7. What is a Yagi – Uda array ?
8. State Babinet’s principle.
9. Why is flaring required in Horn antennas ?
10. What is primary radiation and secondary radiation as applicable to parabolic reflector ?
11. What is the reason for using Yagi antenna for TV broadcast reception ?
12. What are the applications of Yagi – Uda antenna ?
13. What are parasitic elements and where are they used ?
14. How does a parabolic reflector provide very high gain ?
15. What is a parasitic element ? How does it act when length is greater than and smaller than ? / 2 ?
16. What is cheese feed as applicable to parabolic reflectors ?
17. Mention the antennas used in medium frequency range .
18. How is a high frequency dipole antenna fed and matched with driving source ?
19. Sketch the diagrams of various types of Horn antennas.
20. What are Traveling wave antennas ?
21. Distinguish between resonant antenna and TWA ?
22. Distinguish between standing wave antenna and TWA ?
23. Define Spill over.
24. What is meant by smart antenna ?
25. What is the principle of microwave antenna ?
26. Define pitch angle. When a = 0o and a = 90o, how does the helical antenna behave ?
27. What are the parameters to be considered in the design of an helical antenna ?
28. What are the different modes of operation that can be used in Helical antenna ?
29. List the applications of Helical antenna.
30. Why does the normal mode of operation is not preferred in Helical antenna ?
31. Draw the structure of an Helical antenna with its parameters.
32. What is Cassegrain feed mechanism ?
PART - B

1. Explain the principle of traveling wave radiator.
2. Derive an expression for the radiated field due to a TWA.
3. Obtain the expression for the field produced by TWA and compare its radiation with resonant antenna.
4. Obtain the expression for the emf due to loop antenna and explain its use as a Direction finder.
5. Explain the special features of various types of Horn antennas and frequency independent antennas.
6. With a suitable diagram, discuss the construction and operation of a Yagi antenna.
7. Write detailed notes on (a) Parabolic reflectors (b) Log Periodic antennas
8. (a) Explain the principle of operation and applications of folded dipoles.
(b) With a suitable diagram explain the construction and principle of operation of a log – periodic antenna.
9. Write short notes on (a) Slot radiators (b) Loop antennas
10. How does a log periodic antenna provide a large bandwidth of operation?
11. Explain the principle of operation and applications of loop antenna.
12. Write detailed notes on (a) Horn antennas (b) Frequency independent antennas.
13. Explain the principle of operation and applications of loop antenna.
14. Explain in detail the working principle of Helical antenna in
(a) Normal mode (b) Axial mode
15. Explain in detail the design aspects of Microstip antenna.

UNIT-IV – Radio Wave Propagation
PART-A
1. What are the various modes of Propagation?
2. What is Duct Propagation
3. What do you mean by ground Wave Propagation
4. What do you mean by Sky Wave Propagation
5. What do you mean by Space Wave Propagation
6. What do you mean by Troposphere Scatter Propagation
7. Write short notes on Structure of Troposphere
8. Write short notes on Structure of Ionosphere layers
9. Write short notes on D region
10. Write short notes on Normal E region
11. Write short notes on Sporadic E region
12. Write short notes on F region
13. What is Critical Frequency
14. What is Magneto Ionic Splitting?
15. Define Gyro Frequency
16. Define Virtual Height
17. Define Maximum Usable Frequency(MUF)
18. Define Skip Distance
19. Define Optimum Working Frequency(OWF)
20. State some Ionospheric abnormalities
21. Define Sun Spot Cycle
22. Define Fading and Mention its types
23. What are Whistlers
24. What do you understand by Multi hop Propagation?
25. Write the ranges for various layers of atmosphere.
PART-B
1. Explain briefly the various modes of Propagation
2. Explain Ground Wave Propagation in detail
3. Explain the Structure of Atmosphere
4. Explain the various layers of Ionosphere
5. Explain the effect of Earth’s Magnetic Field on Radio wave Propagation
6. Explain Virtual Height and derive the Expression
7. Explain Maximum Usable Frequency and show how to Calculate MUF
8. Explain (a) Skip Distance (b) Optimum Working Frequency
9. Explain briefly about Ionospheric abnormalities
10. Determine the Effective Earth’s Radius in Space Wave Propagation
11. Explain Super Refraction.

UNIT V - ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS
PART A
1. What are the types of antenna measurements?
2. Define Impedance measurements.
3. Define Pattern measurements.
4. Define Gain of antenna.
5. Define Radiation Resistance.
6. Define Transmission bandwidth of an antenna.
7. Define Power Gain.
8. Define VSWR.
9. What is standing wave ratio method of impedance measurements?
10. Define Radiation pattern measurements.
11. Define Directivity.
12. Define antenna Radiation Efficiency.
13. Define Polarization measurement.
14. Define Antenna Aperture Efficiency.
15. List the different methods used for measuring the Polarization.
16. Define Vertical Incidence measurement.
17. Define Oblique incidence measurement.
18. Give the relation between Vertical and Oblique incidence transmission.
19. Determine the gain and beam width for a parabolic antenna with 10M-diameter dish and dipole feed at 10GHz.
20. Define Beam width of antenna.

PART B

1. Describe the methods for measuring the gain and beam width of antenna.
2. Describe the methods for measuring the Power gain, Radiation efficiency and Transmission bandwidth of an antenna.
3. Describe the Slotted line technique for Impedance measurement.
4. Describe how the radiation pattern and Radiation resistance of a given antenna can be measured experimentally.
5. Derive the relation between oblique and vertical incidence transmission.
6. Write short notes on Vertical incidence measurement of the ionosphere.
7. Write short notes on Oblique incidence measurement of the ionosphere.
8. Describe briefly about Polarization measurements.
9. Derive an expression to determine Antenna efficiency and Antenna Aperture.
10. Derive an expression to determine the Directivity of an antenna.

RADIATION FIELDS OF WIRE ANTENNAS

PART – A1. Define a Hertzian dipole?
2. Draw the radiation pattern of a horizontal dipole?
3. What do you mean by induction field and radiation field?
4. What is magnetic vector Potential?
5. Define scalar Potential?
6. What is Retarded Current?
7. Write down the expression for magnetic vector Potential using three standard current distributions?
8. Define top loading?
9. What is a capacitance hat?
10. What is quarter wave monopole?
11. Write down the expression for radiated fields of a half wave dipole antenna?
12. What is the effective aperture and directivity of a half wave dipole?
13. What is the effective aperture and directivity of a Hertzian dipole antenna?
14. Write down the expression for radiation resistance of a Hertzian dipole?
15. Define retardation time?
16. What is radiation resistance of a half wave dipole?
17. Compare electric scalar potential and magnetic vector potential?
PART – B

1. Derive the expression for the radiated field from a short dipole? (16)
2. Starting from first principles obtain the expression for the power
radiated by a half wave dipole? (16)
3. Derive the expression for power radiated and find the radiation
resistance of a half wave dipole? (16)
4. Derive the radian resistance, Directivity and effective aperture of a
half wave dipole? (10)
5. Derive the fields radiated from a quarter wave monopole antenna? (8)
6. Find the radiation resistance of elementary dipole with linear
current distribution? (8)
7. Derive the radiation resistance, Directivity and effective
aperture of a hertzian dipole? (10)

  ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS AND ANTENNA ARRAYS

PART – A1. Define array factor?
2. What is the relationship between effective aperture and directivity?
3. Write the principle of pattern multiplication?
4. What is meant by broadside array and end fire array?
5. Define radiation intensity?
6. Define an isotropic antenna?
7. Define a broadside array?
8. Define radiation pattern?
9. What are the two types of radiation pattern?
10. Define Beam solid angle or beam area?
11. Define beam efficiency?
12. Define directivity?
13. Define antenna gain?
14. Define effective aperture?
15. What is collecting aperture?
16. Define HPBW?
17. Define FBR?
18. Define BWFN?
19. Write down the expressions for BWFN for both broadside and end fire array?
20. Differentiate broadside array and end fire array?
21. Write down the expressions for minor lobe maxima and minima for both broadside and end fire array?
22. Define loop antenna?
23. What is axial ratio of a helical antenna?
24. What are advantages of helical antenna?
25. What are the disadvantages of loop antenna?
26. State reciprocity principle?
27. List out the applications helical antenna?
28. Give the expressions for the field components of a helical antenna?
29. Define pitch angle? What happens when =0 and =90?
30. What are applications loop antennas?
PART – B
1. With neat sketch, explain the operation of helical antenna? (16)
2. Obtain the expression for the field and the radiation pattern
produced by a 2 element array of infinitesimal with distance of
separation /2 and currents of unequal magnitude and phase
shift 180 degree? (16)
3. Derive the expression for far field components of a small loop antenna. (16)
4. Derive the expression for electric field of a broadside array of n sources
and also find the maximum direction minimum direction and half power
point direction? (16)
5. Design a 4 element broadside array of /2 spacing between elements
the pattern is to be optimum with a side lobe level 19.1 db.
Find main lobe maximum? (16)
6. Explain pattern multiplication? (8)
7. Derive the expression for electric field of a end fire of n sources
and also find the maximum direction minimum direction and half
power point direction? (16)
8. Write short notes a radiation resistance? (8)
9. Calculate the maximum effective aperture of a /2 antenna? (8)
10. Derive the maxima directions, minima directions, and half
power point direction for an array of two point sources with equal
amplitude and opposite phase? (16)
11. Explain the various types of amplitude distributions in details? (16)

TRAVELING WAVE (WIDE BAND) ANTENNAS

PART – A
1. What are traveling wave antenna?
2. What is the type of radiation pattern produced when a wave travels in a wire?
3. Draw the structure of 3-elements yagi-uda antenna and give the dimensions and spacing between the elements in terms of wavelength?
4. What are the applications of log periodic antenna?
5. What are the applications of rhombic antenna?
6. What do you meant by self impedance?
7. What do you meant by mutual impedance?
8. Define traveling wave impedance?
9. What is the main advantage of traveling wave antenna?
10. What are the limitations of rhombic antenna?
11. What are the two types of rhombic antenna design?
12. Define rhombic antenna?
13. Give the expressions for design ratio, spacing factor and frequency ratio, of log periodic antenna?
14. What are the three different regions in log periodic antenna and how they are differentiated?
15. What is frequency independent antenna?
16. What is LPDA?
17. What are the applications of log periodic antenna?
 PART – B
1. Explain the radiation from a travelling wave on a wire? (8)
2. What is Yagi-uda Antenna ?Explain the construction and operation of
Yagi-uda Antenna .Also explain its general characteristics? (16)
3. Explain the construction, operation and design for a rhombic antenna? (16)
4. Explain the geometry of a log periodic antenna? Give the design equations and uses of log periodic antenna? (16)
5. Discuss in details about (a) Self impedance (b) Mutual impedance? (8)

APERTURE AND LENS ANTENNAS

PART – A

1. State Huygens Principle?
2. What is Slot Antenna?
3. Which antenna is complementary to the slot dipole?
4. How will you find the directivity of a large rectangular broadside array?
5. What is the relationship between the terminal impedance of slot and dipole antenna?
6. What is the difference between slot antenna and its complementary dipole antenna?
7. Define lens antenna?
8. What are the different types of lens antenna?
9. What is a dielectric lens antenna?
10. What are the drawbacks of lens antenna?
11. What are the field components that are radiated from open end of a coaxial line?
12. What are the advantages of stepped dielectric lens antenna?
13. What is biconical antenna?
14. What is Lunenburg lens?
15. What are the advantages of lens antenna?
16. Mention the uses of lens antenna?
17. How spherical waves are generated?
18. Define the characteristic impedance of biconical antenna?
19. Bring out the expressions for voltage across the feed points of the biconical antenna and current flowing through the surface of the cone?
20. What do you meant by sect oral horn?
21. What do you meant by pyramidal horn?
22. What is back lobe radiation?
23. What are the various feeds used in reflectors?
24. What are the different types of horn antennas?
25. Define refractive index of lens antenna?
26. What are secondary antennas? Give examples?
PART – B
1. Explain the different types of lens antenna? (10)
2. Explain the radiation from a rectangular aperture? (16)
3. Explain the radiation from an elemental area of a plane wave
(or) explain the radiation from a Huygen’s source ? (16)
4. Describe the parabolic reflector used at micro frequencies? (16)
5. Write short notes on luneberg lens? (16)
6. Discuss about spherical waves and biconical antenna? (16)
7. Derive the various field components radiated from circular aperture
and also find beamwidth and effective area ? (12)
8. Derive the field components radiated from a thin slot antenna in
an infinite cyclinder ? (10)
9. Show the relationship between dipole and slot impedances? (8)
10. Explain the radiation from the open end of a coaxial cable? (8)
WAVE PROPAGATION
 PART – A
1. Define Gyro frequency?
2. What is multihop Propagation?
3. How spherical waves are generated?
4. What are the effects of earth curvature on tropospheric propagation ?
5. Define critical frequency of an ionized layer of ionosphere?
6. What are the factors that affect the propagation of radio waves?
7. Define ground wave?
8. What are the components present in space wave?
9. Define Fading?
10. Define ionosphere?
11. Define Troposphere?
12. How can minimize Fading?
13. What are the various types diversity reception?
14. Define critical frequency?
15. What is virtual height?
16. Define MUF?
17. State secant law?
18. Define space wave?
19. What are height ranges of different regions in the ionosphere?
20. Write down the expression for the refractive index?
21. What is OWF or OTF?
22. Define duct Propagation?
23. What is skip distance?
24. How will you find the range of space wave propagation or line of sight distances?
25. What is sporadic E layer in ionosphere?
PART – B
1. Explain in details about ionosphere? (8)
2. Explain space wave propagation and sky wave propagation? (16)
3. Explain the ground wave propagation? (8)
4. Discuss the effects of earth’s magnetic field on ionosphere radio wave
propagation? (10)
5. Describe the troposphere and explain how ducts can be used for microwave propagation? (8)
6. Explain in details, the diversity reception methods? (8)
7. Explain the advantages of tropospheric wave propagation and sky wave
propagation? (8)
8. Deduce an expression for the critical frequency of an ionized region in terms of its maximum ionization density? (10)
9. Derive an expression for the refractive index of the ionosphere in terms of
the electron number density and frequency ? (10)

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Sixth semester ECE syllabus for Anna University,and all its affiliated colleges,Chennai.


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Syllabus for Electronics and communication Engineering
Sixth semester - Anna university, chennai




MA2264 NUMERICAL METHODS

L T P C

3 1 0 4

UNIT I  SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS AND EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS                   9

Solution of equation –Fixed point iteration: x=g(x) method - Newton’s method – Solution of linear system by Gaussian elimination and Gauss-Jordon method– Iterative method - Gauss-Seidel method - Inverse of a matrix by Gauss Jordon method – Eigen value of a matrix by power method and by Jacobi method for symmetric matrix.

UNIT II INTERPOLATION AND APPROXIMATION                                              9

Lagrangian Polynomials – Divided differences – Interpolating with a cubic spline –Newton’s forward and backward difference formulas.

UNIT III NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION             9

Differentiation using interpolation formulae –Numerical integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s 1/3 and 3/8 rules – Romberg’s method – Two and Three point Gaussian quadrature formulae – Double integrals using trapezoidal and Simpsons’s rules.

UNIT IV INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS FOR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS         9

Single step methods: Taylor series method – Euler method for first order equation – Fourth order Runge – Kutta method for solving first and second order equations – Multistep methods: Milne’s and Adam’s predictor and corrector methods.

UNIT V BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS IN ORDINARY AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS                               9

Finite difference solution of second order ordinary differential equation – Finite difference solution of one dimensional heat equation by explicit and implicit methods – One dimensional wave equation and two dimensional Laplace and Poisson equations.

L : 45 , T : 15 ,TOTAL = 60 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS

1. Veerarjan, T and Ramachandran, T. ‘Numerical methods with programming in ‘C’ Second Editiion, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing.Co.Ltd. (2007).

 2. Sankara Rao K, ‘Numerical Methods for Scientisits and Engineers’ – 3rd editiion Printice Hall of India Private Ltd, New Delhi, (2007).

REFERENCES

1. Chapra, S. C and Canale, R. P. “Numerical Methods for Engineers”, 5th Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2007.

 2. Gerald, C. F. and Wheatley, P.O., “Applied Numerical Analysis”, 6th Edition, Pearson Education Asia, New Delhi, 2006.

3. Grewal, B.S. and Grewal,J.S., “ Numerical methods in Engineering and Science”, 6th Edition, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2004

 MG2351 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

UNIT I            OVERVIEW OF MANAGEMENT                9

Definition - Management - Role of managers - Evolution of Management thought -Organization and the environmental factors – Trends and Challenges of Management in Global Scenario.

UNIT II             PLANNING                               9

Nature and purpose of planning - Planning process - Types of plans – Objectives - Managing by objective (MBO) Strategies - Types of strategies - Policies - Decision Making - Types of decision - Decision Making Process - Rational Decision Making Process - Decision Making under different conditions.

UNIT III            ORGANIZING                        9

Nature and purpose of organizing - Organization structure - Formal and informal groups -organization - Line and Staff authority - Departmentation - Span of control -Centralization and Decentralization - Delegation of authority - Staffing - Selection and Recruitment - Orientation - Career Development - Career stages – Training - Performance Appraisal.

UNIT IV         DIRECTING                   9

Creativity and Innovation - Motivation and Satisfaction - Motivation Theories -Leadership Styles - Leadership theories - Communication - Barriers to effective communication - Organization Culture - Elements and types of culture - Managing cultural diversity.

UNIT V CONTROLLING               9

Process of controlling - Types of control - Budgetary and non-budgetary control techniques - Managing

Productivity - Cost Control - Purchase Control - Maintenance Control - Quality Control - Planning operations.

TOTAL= 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Stephen P. Robbins and Mary Coulter, 'Management', Prentice Hall of India,

8th edition.

2. Charles W L Hill, Steven L McShane, 'Principles of Management', Mcgraw Hill

Education, Special Indian Edition, 2007.

REFERENCES:

1. Hellriegel, Slocum & Jackson, ' Management - A Competency Based Approach',

Thomson South Western, 10th edition, 2007.

2. Harold Koontz, Heinz Weihrich and Mark V Cannice, 'Management - A global

& Entrepreneurial Perspective', Tata Mcgraw Hill, 12th edition, 2007.

3. Andrew J. Dubrin, 'Essentials of Management', Thomson Southwestern, 7th

edition, 2007.

19

EC2351 MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION

L T P C

3 0 0 3

UNIT I           BASIC MEASUREMENT CONCEPTS               9

Measurement systems – Static and dynamic characteristics – units and standards of measurements – error :- accuracy and precision, types, statistical analysis – moving coil, moving iron meters – multimeters – Bridge measurements : – Maxwell, Hay, Schering, Anderson and Wien bridge.

UNIT II BASIC ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS            9

Electronic multimeters – Cathode ray oscilloscopes – block schematic – applications – special oscilloscopes :– delayed time base oscilloscopes, analog and digital storage oscilloscope, sampling oscilloscope – Q meters – Vector meters – RF voltage and power measurements – True RMS meters.

UNIT III   SIGNAL GENERATORS AND ANALYZERS 9

Function generators – pulse and square wave generators, RF signal generators – Sweep generators – Frequency synthesizer – wave analyzer – Harmonic distortion analyzer – spectrum analyzer :- digital spectrum analyzer, Vector Network Analyzer – Digital L,C,R measurements, Digital RLC meters.

UNIT IV DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS 9

Comparison of analog and digital techniques – digital voltmeter – multimeters –frequency counters – measurement of frequency and time interval – extension of frequency range – Automation in digital instruments, Automatic polarity indication, automatic ranging, automatic zeroing, fully automatic digital instruments, Computer

 controlled test systems, Virtual instruments.

UNIT V DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS AND FIBER OPTIC MEASUREMENTS     9

Elements of a digital data acquisition system – interfacing of transducers – multiplexing –data loggers –computer controlled instrumentation – IEEE 488 bus – fiber optic measurements for power and system loss – optical time domains reflectometer.

TOTAL= 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Albert D.Helfrick and William D.Cooper – Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques, Pearson / Prentice Hall of India, 2007.

 2. Ernest O. Doebelin, Measurement Systems- Application and Design, TMH, 2007.

REFERENCES:

1. Joseph J.Carr, Elements of Electronics Instrumentation and Measurement, Pearson Education, 2003.

2. Alan. S. Morris, Principles of Measurements and Instrumentation, 2nd Edition,Prentice Hall of India, 2003.

3. David A. Bell, Electronic Instrumentation and measurements, Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd, 2003.

4. B.C. Nakra and K.K. Choudhry, Instrumentation, Meaurement and Analysis, 2ndEdition, TMH, 2004.

5. James W. Dally, William F. Riley, Kenneth G. McConnell, Instrumentation for Engineering Measurements, 2nd Edition, John Wiley, 2003

EC2352 COMPUTER NETWORKS

L T P C

3 0 0 3

UNIT I        PHYSICAL LAYER                     9

Data Communications – Networks - Networks models – OSI model – Layers in OSI model – TCP / IP protocol suite – Addressing – Guided and Unguided Transmission media 

Switching: Circuit switched networks – Data gram Networks – Virtual circuit networks Cable networks for Data transmission: Dialup modems – DSL – Cable TV – Cable TV for Data transfer.

UNIT II DATA LINK LAYER 10

Data link control: Framing – Flow and error control –Protocols for Noiseless and Noisy Channels – HDLC

 Multiple access: Random access – Controlled access

 Wired LANS : Ethernet – IEEE standards – standard Ethernet – changes in the standard– Fast Ethernet – Gigabit Ethernet.Wireless LANS : IEEE 802.11–Bluetooth.Connecting LANS: Connecting devices - Backbone networks - Virtual LANS .Virtual circuit networks: Architecture and Layers of Frame Relay and ATM.

UNIT III NETWORK LAYER                    9

Logical addressing: IPv4, IPv6 addresses Internet Protocol: Internetworking – IPv4, IPv6 - Address mapping – ARP, RARP, BOOTP, DHCP, ICMP, IGMP, Delivery - Forwarding - Routing – Unicast, Multicast routing protocols.

UNIT IV TRANSPORT LAYER           8

Process-to-Process delivery - User Datagram Protocol (UDP) – Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) – Congestion Control – Quality of services (QoS) – Techniques to improve QoS.

UNIT V APPLICATION LAYER 9

Domain Name System (DNS) – E-mail – FTP – WWW – HTTP – Multimedia Network Security: Cryptography – Symmetric key and Public Key algorithms - Digital signature – Management of Public keys – Communication Security – Authentication Protocols.

TOTAL= 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS

1. Behrouz A. Foruzan, “Data communication and Networking”, Tata McGraw-Hill,2006: Unit I-IV

 2. Andrew S. Tannenbaum, “Computer Networks”, Pearson Education, Fourth Edition,2003: Unit V

REFERENCES

1. Wayne Tomasi, “Introduction to Data Communication and Networking”, 1/e, PearsonEducation.

2. James .F. Kurouse & W. Rouse, “Computer Networking: A Topdown ApproachFeaturing”,3/e, Pearson Education.

 3. C.Sivaram Murthy, B.S.Manoj, “Ad hoc Wireless Networks – Architecture and Protocols”, Second Edition, Pearson Education.

.




EC2353 ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION

L T P C

3 1 0 4

UNIT I ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS 9

Review of electromagnetic theory: Vector potential, Solution of wave equation, retarded case, Hertizian dipole. Antenna characteristics: Radiation pattern, Beam solid angle,Directivity, Gain, Input impedance, Polarization, Bandwidth, Reciprocity, Equivalence of Radiation patterns, Equivalence of Impedances, Effective aperture, Vector effective length, Antenna temperature.

UNIT II WIRE ANTENNAS AND ANTENNA ARRAYS               9

Wire antennas: Short dipole, Radiation resistance and Directivity, Half wave Dipole, Monopole, Small loop antennas. Antenna Arrays: Linear Array and Pattern Multiplication, Two-element Array, Uniform Array, Polynomial representation, Array with non-uniform Excitation-Binomial Array

UNIT III APERTURE ANTENNAS                9

Aperture Antennas: Magnetic Current and its fields, Uniqueness theorem, Field equivalence principle, Duality principle, Method of Images, Pattern properties, Slot antenna, Horn Antenna, Pyramidal Horn Antenna, Reflector Antenna-Flat reflector, Corner Reflector, Common curved reflector shapes, Lens Antenna.

UNIT IV SPECIAL ANTENNAS AND ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS     9

Special Antennas: Long wire, V and Rhombic Antenna, Yagi-Uda Antenna, Turnstile Antenna, Helical Antenna- Axial mode helix, Normal mode helix, Biconical Antenna, Log periodic Dipole Array, Spiral Antenna, Microstrip Patch Antennas. Antenna Measurements: Radiation Pattern measurement, Gain and Directivity Measurements, Anechoic Chamber measurement.

UNIT V RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION             9

Calculation of Great Circle Distance between any two points on earth, Ground Wave Propagation, Free-space Propagation, Ground Reflection, Surface waves, Diffraction, Wave propagation in complex Environments, Tropospheric Propagation, Tropospheric Scatter. Ionospheric propagation: Structure of ionosphere, Sky waves, skip distance, Virtual height, Critical frequency, MUF, Electrical properties of ionosphere, Effects of earth’s magnetic fields, Faraday rotation, Whistlers.

L: 45, T: 15, TOTAL= 60 PERIODS

TEXTBOOKS

1. E.C.Jordan and Balmain, “Electromagnetic waves and Radiating Systems”, Pearson Education / PHI, 2006

2. A.R.Harish, M.Sachidanada, “Antennas and Wave propagation”, Oxford University Press, 2007. 22

REFERENCES

1. John D.Kraus, Ronald J Marhefka and Ahmad S Khan, “Antennas for all Applications”, Tata McGraw-Hill Book Company, 3 ed, 2007.

2. G.S.N.Raju, Antenna Wave Propagation, Pearson Education, 2004.

3. Constantine A. Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Desin, John Wiley, 2nd Edition, 2007.

4. R.E.Collins, “Antenna and Radiowave propagation”,

5. W.L Stutzman and G.A. Thiele, “Antenna analysis and design”, John Wiley, 2000.

EC2354 VLSI DESIGN

L T P C

3 0 0 3

UNIT I CMOS TECHNOLOGY 9

A brief History-MOS transistor, Ideal I-V characteristics, C-V characteristics, Non ideal IV effects, DC transfer characteristics - CMOS technologies, Layout design Rules, CMOS process enhancements, Technology related CAD issues, Manufacturing issues

UNIT II CIRCUIT CHARACTERIZATION AND SIMULATION 9

Delay estimation, Logical effort and Transistor sizing, Power dissipation, Interconnect, Design margin, Reliability, Scaling- SPICE tutorial, Device models, Device characterization, Circuit characterization, Interconnect simulation

UNIT III COMBINATIONAL AND SEQUENTIAL CIRCUIT DESIGN 9

Circuit families –Low power logic design – comparison of circuit families – Sequencing static circuits, circuit design of latches and flip flops, Static sequencing element methodology- sequencing dynamic circuits – synchronizers

UNIT IV CMOS TESTING 9

Need for testing- Testers, Text fixtures and test programs- Logic verification- Silicon debug principles- Manufacturing test – Design for testability – Boundary scan

UNIT V SPECIFICATION USING VERILOG HDL 9

Basic concepts- identifiers- gate primitives, gate delays, operators, timing controls, procedural assignments conditional statements, Data flow and RTL, structural gate levelswitch level modeling, Design hierarchies, Behavioral and RTL modeling, Test benches, Structural gate level description of decoder, equality detector, comparator, priority encoder, half adder, full adder, Ripple carry adder, D latch and D flip flop.

TOTAL= 45 PERIODS

TEXTBOOKS:

1. Weste and Harris: CMOS VLSI DESIGN (Third edition) Pearson Education, 2005

2. Uyemura J.P: Introduction to VLSI circuits and systems, Wiley 2002.

REFERENCES:

1 D.A Pucknell & K.Eshraghian Basic VLSI Design, Third edition, PHI, 2003

2 Wayne Wolf, Modern VLSI design, Pearson Education, 2003

3 M.J.S.Smith: Application specific integrated circuits, Pearson Education, 1997

4 J.Bhasker: Verilog HDL primer, BS publication,2001

5 Ciletti Advanced Digital Design with the Verilog HDL, Prentice Hall of India, 2003

Lab Syllabus

GE2321 COMMUNICATION SKILLS LAB 

L T P C

 0 0 4 2

A. English Language Lab (18 Periods)
 1. Listening Comprehension: (6)
 Listening and typing – Listening and sequencing of sentences – Filling in the blanks -Listening and answering questions.
 2. Reading Comprehension: (6)
 Filling in the blanks - Close exercises – Vocabulary building - Reading and answering questions.
 3. Speaking: (6)
 Phonetics: Intonation – Ear training - Correct Pronunciation – Sound recognition exercises – Common Errors in English. Conversations: Face to Face Conversation – Telephone conversation – Role play activities (Students take on roles and engage in conversation)
 B. Discussion of audio-visual materials (6 periods)
 (Samples are available to learn and practice)
 1. Resume / Report Preparation / Letter Writing (1) 

Structuring the resume / report - Letter writing / Email Communication - Samples.
 2. Presentation skills: (1)
 Elements of effective presentation – Structure of presentation - Presentation tools –Voice Modulation – Audience analysis - Body language – Video samples
 3. Soft Skills: (2) 

Time management – Articulateness – Assertiveness – Psychometrics –Innovation and Creativity - Stress Management & Poise - Video Samples
 4. Group Discussion: (1)
Why is GD part of selection process ? - Structure of GD – Moderator – led and other GDs - Strategies in GD – Team work - Body Language - Mock GD -Video samples
 5. Interview Skills: (1)
 Kinds of interviews – Required Key Skills – Corporate culture – Mock interviews-Video samples.
 I. PC based session (Weightage 40%) 24 periods
 II. Practice Session (Weightage – 60%) 24 periods

26
 1. Resume / Report Preparation / Letter writing: Students prepare their own resume and report. (2)
 2. Presentation Skills: Students make presentations on given topics. (8)
 3. Group Discussion: Students participate in group discussions. (6)
 4. Interview Skills: Students participate in Mock Interviews (8)
 REFERENCES:
 1. Anderson, P.V, Technical Communication, Thomson Wadsworth ,Sixth Edition, New Delhi, 2007.
 2. Prakash, P, Verbal and Non-Verbal Reasoning, Macmillan India Ltd., Second Edition, New Delhi, 2004.

3. John Seely, The Oxford Guide to Writing and Speaking, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2004.
 4. Evans, D, Decisionmaker, Cambridge University Press, 1997.
 5. Thorpe, E, and Thorpe, S, Objective English, Pearson Education, Second Edition, New Delhi, 2007.
 6. Turton, N.D and Heaton, J.B, Dictionary of Common Errors, Addision Wesley Longman Ltd., Indian reprint 1998.
 Lab Requirements:
 1. Teacher console and systems for students.
 2. English Language Lab Software
 3. Career Lab Software

 EC2356 COMPUTER NETWORKS LAB

L T P C

0 0 3 2

1. PC to PC Communication

 Parallel Communication using 8 bit parallel cable

 Serial communication using RS 232C

 2. Ethernet LAN protocol

 To create scenario and study the performance of CSMA/CD protocol throughsimulation

 3. Token bus and token ring protocols

 To create scenario and study the performance of token bus and token ring protocols through simulation

 4. Wireless LAN protocols To create scenario and study the performance of network with CSMA / CA protocol and compare with CSMA/CD protocols.

 5. Implementation and study of stop and wait protocol

 6. Implementation and study of Goback-N and selective repeat protocols

 7. Implementation of distance vector routing algorithm

 8. Implementation of Link state routing algorithm

 9. Implementation of Data encryption and decryption

 10. Transfer of files from PC to PC using Windows / Unix socket processing

TOTAL= 45 PERIODS

C2357 VLSI DESIGN LAB

L T P C

0 0 3 2

1. Design Entry and simulation of combinational logic circuits (8 bit adders, 4 bit multipliers, address decoders, multiplexers), Test bench creation, functional verification, and concepts of concurrent and sequential execution to be highlighted.

 2. Design Entry and simulation of sequential logic circuits (counters, PRBS generators, accumulators). Test bench creation, functional verification, and concepts of concurrent and sequential execution to be highlighted.

 3. Synthesis, P&R and Post P&R simulation for all the blocks/codes developed in Expt. No. 1 and No. 2 given above. Concepts of FPGA floor plan, critical path, design gate count, I/O configuration and pin assignment to be taught in this experiment.

 4. Generation of configuration/fuse files for all the blocks/codes developed as part of Expt.1. and Expt. 2. FPGA devices must be configured and hardware tested for the blocks/codes developed as part of Expt. 1. and Expt. 2. The correctness of the inputs and outputs for each of the blocks must be demonstrated atleast on oscilloscopes (logic analyzer preferred).

 5. Schematic Entry and SPICE simulation of MOS differential amplifier. Determination of gain, bandwidth, output impedance and CMRR.

 6. Layout of a simple CMOS inverter, parasitic extraction and simulation.

 7. Design of a 10 bit number controlled oscillator using standard cell approach, simulation followed by study of synthesis reports.

 8. Automatic layout generation followed by post layout extraction and simulation of the circuit studied in Expt. No.7

 Note 1. For Expt. 1 To 4 can be carried out using Altera (Quartus) / Xilinx (Alliance) / ACTEL (Libero) tools.

 Note 2. For expt. 5-8 introduce the student to basics of IC design. These have to be carried out using atleast 0.5u CMOS technology libraries. The S/W tools needed Cadence / MAGMA / Tanner.

TOTAL= 45 PERIODS

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